What does remastication refer to?

Remastication specifically refers to the act of rechewing food, which is particularly important in the digestive process of ruminant animals like cows and sheep. These animals initially chew their food only enough to swallow it before it is regurgitated back into the mouth for further chewing. This process is vital for breaking down fibrous plant materials into finer particles, allowing for better digestion and nutrient absorption when the food eventually reaches the stomach. By chewing again, animals can reduce the particle size further and mix the food with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates.

This concept emphasizes the efficiency of the digestive system in ruminants and showcases an adaptation that supports their ability to process tough plant materials effectively. The other options focus on different aspects of digestion that do not directly involve the act of rechewing.